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Campaign to stop 'killer robots': prospects of a preemptive ban on autonomous weapons systems
Rosendorf, Ondřej ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of autonomous weapons systems and their potential preventive prohibition with regard to current international discussions at multilateral forums such as the Human Rights Council, First Committee of the General Assembly, and Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons at UN. The aim of this thesis is to provide an extensive empirical account of the substance of those discussions and their most likely outcome, estimating state preferences with use of content analysis and the likely outcome with median voter prediction. From a theoretical standpoint, the thesis draws from defensive realism and contributions of arms control, arms trade as well as institutionalist literature from which it draws the concept of legalization. From a methodological standpoint, the thesis relies on quantitative methods, in particular, content analysis for collection of data and median voter theorem for prediction of the likely outcome. In addition, the thesis uses the method of regression analysis to examine states' activity at the aforementioned fora. In conclusion, the thesis finds that the most likely outcome of discussions on autonomous weapons systems is a moderate-obligation form of hybrid regulation, which includes solutions such as framework convention and moratorium. Further finding of...
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Factors influencing the success of restricting the development and use of technology
Hanzl, Ondřej ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The primary goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the impact of political and technological influences on the breakdown of disarmament efforts between the two world wars. This issue is approached by analyzing the string of disarmament conferences that took place in the interwar period and restrictions placed on the German military imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The theory that serves both as inspiration and a tool to examine the subject is the Actor-network theory originating from École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris. This theory is used to view the subject in a new light. The author places military technology, the political movement of disarmament, and especially restrictions of Germany on par with states and international organizations. While the political turmoil and causes and effects are well researched and documented, the technological aspects of the issue less so. The author asks if the disarmament efforts were realistic in their scope. Whether a state abiding by the new rules could even mount a feasible defence in a case of attack and retain offensive capabilities. Whether the technology itself allowed the existence of alternative weapon systems not breaking these rules. And in the case of Germany, whether these restrictions were effectively limiting German potential...
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The demise of the Intermediate -Range Nuclear Forces Treaty: analysis of the position of the Russian Federation
Svobodová, Markéta ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
Markéta Svobodová, 2019/2020 Abstract The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) served as one of the cornerstones of bilateral nuclear arms control between the two world's main nuclear powers, the Soviet Union (later the Russian Federation) and the United States of America. The Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and the U.S. President Ronald Reagan signed the treaty on December 8, 1987, and by that both of the states for the first time in history became obliged to eliminate a whole class of weapons - land-based ballistic and cruise missiles with range from 500 to 5500 kilometres. The INF Treaty continued the trend of attempting to use arms control measures in order to increase mutual trust and strategic stability, starting in the beginning of 1960s, when the world had been brought to a brink of a nuclear catastrophe by the Cuban Crisis. Signing of this treaty lifted the imminent nuclear danger stemming from deployment of the modern and more effective Soviet SS-20 weapon systems, which was followed by the deployment of the Pershing II missiles by the U.S. in Western Europe. Not only did the INF Treaty introduce an unprecedented verification regime, it also held a symbolic value of a step towards overcoming the Cold War tensions. However, after 2005 the treaty found itself under the pressure of...
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Campaign to stop 'killer robots': prospects of a preemptive ban on autonomous weapons systems
Rosendorf, Ondřej ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of autonomous weapons systems and their potential preventive prohibition with regard to current international discussions at multilateral forums such as the Human Rights Council, First Committee of the General Assembly, and Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons at UN. The aim of this thesis is to provide an extensive empirical account of the substance of those discussions and their most likely outcome, estimating state preferences with use of content analysis and the likely outcome with median voter prediction. From a theoretical standpoint, the thesis draws from defensive realism and contributions of arms control, arms trade as well as institutionalist literature from which it draws the concept of legalization. From a methodological standpoint, the thesis relies on quantitative methods, in particular, content analysis for collection of data and median voter theorem for prediction of the likely outcome. In addition, the thesis uses the method of regression analysis to examine states' activity at the aforementioned fora. In conclusion, the thesis finds that the most likely outcome of discussions on autonomous weapons systems is a moderate-obligation form of hybrid regulation, which includes solutions such as framework convention and moratorium. Further finding of...
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Security policy dimension of arms exports - the cases of the Helmut Kohl and the Gerhad Schröder governments 1989-2005
Kufčák, Jakub ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis addressed the arms export control in the Federal Republic of Germany during the tenure of chancellor Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder between 1989 and 2005. To this end this thesis elaborated an analytical framework, which analyses this phenomenon thought government arms export policy. Due to lack of preceding research in this area it was necessary to devote significant space for conceptual definition of the arms export policy and contextualization of analytical framework. It was argued that arms export policy of the Federal Republic of Germany should be analyzed as a passive sub-category within security policy. Analytical framework employed to analyze the period between 1989 and 2005 thus reflected four factors or standpoints that exert influence on arms export policy (foreign pressures, security policy, European coordination and legislative and institutional framework). This thesis designed as disciplined interpretive case study posited two hypothesis based on concepts that have been partially applied to arms export phenomenon in different context and time period. First hypothesis concerns the nature of change of arms exports control, which was supposed to change between periods restriction and relaxation of export control. Second hypothesis postulates the nature of change of arms exports...
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Security policy dimension of arms exports - the cases of the Helmut Kohl and the Gerhad Schröder governments 1989-2005
Kufčák, Jakub ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis addressed the arms export control in the Federal Republic of Germany during the tenure of chancellor Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder between 1989 and 2005. To this end this thesis elaborated an analytical framework, which analyses this phenomenon thought government arms export policy. Due to lack of preceding research in this area it was necessary to devote significant space for conceptual definition of the arms export policy and contextualization of analytical framework. It was argued that arms export policy of the Federal Republic of Germany should be analyzed as a passive sub-category within security policy. Analytical framework employed to analyze the period between 1989 and 2005 thus reflected four factors or standpoints that exert influence on arms export policy (foreign pressures, security policy, European coordination and legislative and institutional framework). This thesis designed as disciplined interpretive case study posited two hypothesis based on concepts that have been partially applied to arms export phenomenon in different context and time period. First hypothesis concerns the nature of change of arms exports control, which was supposed to change between periods restriction and relaxation of export control. Second hypothesis postulates the nature of change of arms exports...
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Strategic Defense Initiative
Čeněk, Jakub ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Ulík, Karel (referee)
The doctoral thesis "Strategic Defense Initiative" deals with the issue of the Strategic initiative on the basis of historical-political analysis. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) was a crucial topic during the 1980s, which had a profound political impact on the development of international events and the Cold war in general. The work presents a brief history of the United States ABM systems and introduces the historical context. Furthermore, the author analyzes possible reasons for the SDI announcement and reexamines Reagan's speech in March 1983. Persons and interest groups who promoted strategic defense are also included in this analysis. Included are problems connected to SDI, as well as a brief description of the program. The following chapter deals with the Soviet reaction to SDI. The seventh chapter discusses the European reaction to SDI. The topic is analyzed citing the example of the United Kingdom. The next chapter deals with the Anti Ballistic Missile treaty and its interpretations from the SDI perspective. The last chapter discusses US - Soviet summits, which took place in the 1980s, with an emphasis on SDI. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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